Understanding the IP Routing Table
All computers running any version of Windows and the supplied TCP/IP protocol use an IP routing table. The IP routing table stores information about destinations and how they can be reached. There are a series of default entries based on the configuration of the node. You can add entries with TCP/IP utilities or entries can be added dynamically through interaction with routers.
When an IP packet is forwarded, the IP routing table is used to determine:
| 1. | The next-hop IP address For a direct delivery (the destination is a neighboring node), the next-hop IP address is the destination address in the packet. For an indirect delivery (the destination is not a neighboring node), the next-hop address is the address of a router. |
| 2. | The next-hop interface The next-hop interface identifies either a physical interface (for example, a network adapter) or a logical interface (for example, a tunneling interface) that is used to forward the packet. |
After the next-hop address and interface are determined, the packet is passed to the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP). For LAN technologies such as Ethernet and Token Ring, ARP attempts to resolve the link-layer address (also known as the media access control [MAC] address) for the next-hop address, and forward the packet by using the next-hop interface.
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